Allergies and the common cold have similar symptoms. In fact, they are both the two most common causes of sneezing, congestion, and runny noses. Seasonal allergies are highly common, as one-quarter of adults and almost 20 percent of children experience them. Almost everyone catches the common cold on an annual basis. Both conditions cause similar symptoms and results. They can make you uncomfortable, impact your sleep, and make daily life difficult. Addressing the issue can improve symptoms. So, how do you distinguish allergies from a cold? Below you will find helpful information about both so you can get better faster.
How Do You Distinguish Allergies from a Cold?
Symptoms of allergies and the common cold can have a lot of overlap. However, it is important to understand the key differences so you can get the right treatment. Allergy treatments and cold treatments differ due to the causes of each condition. Consider the following if you are unsure whether you have seasonal allergies or the common cold.
Seasonal Allergies
Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a harmless substance. The harmless substance is referred to as an allergen. Common allergens include pollen, mold, pet dander, dust mites, and other harmless substances. When someone with allergies is exposed to these substances, the body releases histamine. Histamine causes inflammation and triggers several other symptoms. Common symptoms include sneezing, a runny nose, congestion, post-nasal drip, and mild fatigue. It can cause your eyes to become itchy, watery, or red. It can also cause itchiness in the throat, ears, or roof of the mouth.
Seasonal allergies are unlike a cold, as the symptoms can persist for weeks to months. This occurs if you are continually exposed to the allergen. Seasonal allergies are common as pollen can be heavy in the spring or fall. Additional symptoms that may indicate you have allergies include itchy eyes or nose or clear, watery nasal discharge. These are less common with the common cold. Allergies are also not accompanied by fever or body aches, strong indicators that you may have a cold.
Allergies cause so many unwanted symptoms and severely impact daily life. Chronic allergies have been linked to poor sleep, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. It can also increase your risk for persistent sinus infections. Identifying your triggers as early as possible is key. Working with an experienced allergist can improve your allergies and your overall quality of life.
Common Cold
A cold is a viral infection found in the upper respiratory tract. It is most commonly caused by rhinovirus. The common cold is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Most commonly, through someone coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms include sore throat, sneezing, runny nose, congested nose, mild cough, body aches, fatigue, and low-grade fever.
Symptoms of a cold develop gradually over one to two days. Unlike allergies, the common cold resolves within three days to two weeks. Colds are temporary and do not require ongoing treatment or management. In many cases, you can manage the symptoms with medication, hydration, proper nutrition, and rest while you are sick. Once the virus runs its course, you can get back to your routine symptom free and with ease.
With the common cold, there are several key signs that indicate it is a virus rather than allergies. This includes fever, chills, body aches, fatigue, and thick nasal discharge. A sore throat is also a primary symptom of a cold. In many cases, it is clear if you have the common cold. However, many people often wonder if their persistent symptoms of allergies are actual allergies. If this is the case, it is important to consult with an allergist.
Do I Need Treatment for Allergies?
Understanding the difference between the common cold and allergies is important for your health. A cold can easily come and go as it is a common virus. However, persistent allergy symptoms require an evaluation and treatment. Below are some of the common signs you should contact an allergist.
Sneezing
If you find yourself sneezing over and over again, it is likely allergies. This is especially true if it occurs after you are exposed to certain triggers. Things like dust, pollen, pets, and even when you go outdoors during certain seasons.
Itchy or Watery Eyes
One of the most common signs of allergies is irritation of the eyes. Itchy eyes often cause people to rub them, which makes things worse as they become redder and more irritated. Watery eyes are also common and can lead to blurred vision and sensitivity to light.
Nasal Congestion
Persistent nasal congestion feels like you have a stuffy or blocked nose that does not go away. Allergy-related congestion lasts weeks or months if you do not get treated. Nasal discharge is often clear and thin, which is different from the common cold.
Post-Nasal Drip
Nasal congestion caused by allergies leads to mucus buildup in the back of the nose. This slowly drips down into the throat and can cause several additional symptoms. Irritation, frequent throat clearing, and coughing are commonly associated with post-nasal drip caused by allergies.
Fatigue
Unlike feeling tired after a poor night’s sleep, allergy-related fatigue can be exhausting. Untreated allergies come with so many symptoms that make daily life miserable. Constant congestion makes it difficult to breathe, especially when you lie down to sleep at night. Many people with allergies wake up throughout the night. This inhibits your ability to get a continuous, restful night’s sleep.
Allergy Treatment
If you have persistent allergy symptoms, it is necessary to contact an allergist. They can assess your symptoms and determine the cause of your allergies. Be prepared to discuss the severity of your symptoms and how long you have had them. You will undergo a physical examination, skin testing, and blood testing for antibodies. There are several treatment options to ensure your allergies are effectively managed. A skilled and experienced allergist will create a customized plan based on your unique needs. Contact Dr. Mayank Shukla at the Asthma & Sleep Institute today to schedule your consultation!
